
在所有參考文獻類型中,期刊類文獻幾乎構成了論文引用的主體:我們引用最多的是期刊論文,其次是雜志、報紙、新聞網(wǎng)站,近幾年還越來越多地引用博客文章和在線評論。然而,也正因為“用得最多”,這一類文獻反而最容易在格式上出問題。
AJE在昨天發(fā)布了參考文獻引用中,關于作者、年份、標題、來源的變化格式指導。我們遵循的時APA 第七版風格指南,我們相信只要理解期刊論文引用格式的基本邏輯,大多數(shù)期刊類文獻都可以在同一框架下準確處理。我們相信這可以讓你在寫英文論文時,可以直接對照使用,而不是反復查規(guī)范。

圖源:APA 第七版風格指南官網(wǎng)
1. Journal article with a DOI
這是科研寫作中最標準、也最推薦使用的一種期刊文章引用情形。只要期刊為文章分配了 DOI,APA 第七版明確要求優(yōu)先使用 DOI,而不是數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接或期刊主頁地址。對作者來說,這類引用幾乎可以視為“模板型寫法”,后續(xù)很多變體都是在這一結構基礎上微調。
在 reference list 中,作者、年份、文章標題、期刊名、卷號、期號、頁碼以及 DOI 依次呈現(xiàn),邏輯清晰,定位穩(wěn)定。
示例:
McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
對應的文中引用方式為:
- Parenthetical citation: (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)
- Narrative citation: McCauley and Christiansen (2019)
2. Journal article without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL
當期刊文章沒有 DOI,但可以通過公開、穩(wěn)定的網(wǎng)頁地址直接訪問全文時,APA 允許使用該 URL。這類情況在開放獲取期刊或學術組織官網(wǎng)中非常常見。需要注意的是,這里的 URL 指的是非數(shù)據(jù)庫頁面,而不是通過機構賬號才能訪問的數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接。
示例:
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professionalresources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
文中引用方式為:
- Parenthetical citation: (Ahmann et al., 2018)
- Narrative citation: Ahmann et al. (2018)
3. Journal, magazine, or newspaper article without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
這是最容易被誤寫的一類情況。對于來自大多數(shù)學術數(shù)據(jù)庫(如通過機構訪問)或紙質出版物的文章,如果沒有 DOI,APA 明確要求:不要在 reference list 中包含數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱或數(shù)據(jù)庫 URL。
也就是說,哪怕你是從數(shù)據(jù)庫下載的文章,只要它屬于這類來源,就按“傳統(tǒng)出版物”的方式寫即可。
示例:
Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26–33.
Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicated calibration of love, especially in adoption. Chicago Tribune.
對應文中引用:
- Parenthetical citations: (Anderson, 2018; Goldman, 2018)
- Narrative citations: Anderson (2018) and Goldman (2018)
4. Journal article with a DOI, 21 or more authors
當一篇期刊論文的作者人數(shù)達到 21 人或以上 時,APA 第七版采用了簡化規(guī)則:在 reference list 中,列出前 19 位作者,接著使用省略號(. . .),再寫最后一位作者。
這種寫法在大型合作項目、氣候研究、基因組學等領域非常常見。
示例:
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. http://doi.org/fg6rf9
5. Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and group authors
當作者列表中同時包含個人作者和團體作者時,APA 要求在作者位置中完整呈現(xiàn)團體名稱,并且寫法應與原文署名保持一致。
示例:
De Vries, R., Nieuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and independent profession of midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10), 1122–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007
6. Journal article with an article number or eLocator
越來越多的電子期刊不再使用傳統(tǒng)頁碼,而是采用文章編號(article number 或 eLocator)。在這種情況下,APA 要求在 reference list 中明確標注 “Article”,并且首字母大寫。
示例:
Burin, D., Kilteni, K., Rabuffetti, M., Slater, M., & Pia, L. (2019). Body ownership increases the interference between observed and executed movements. PLOS ONE, 14(1), Article e0209899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209899
7. Journal article, advance online publication
如果文章已經(jīng)通過期刊正式接受并上線,但尚未分配卷期頁碼,就屬于 advance online publication。此時不寫卷號、期號或頁碼,而是在期刊名后標注 Advance online publication。
示例:
Huestegge, S. M., Raettig, T., & Huestegge, L. (2019). Are face-incongruent voices harder to process? Effects of face–voice gender incongruency on basic cognitive information processing. Experimental Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000440
8. Journal article, in press
當文章已經(jīng)被期刊接受,但尚未正式發(fā)表時,日期位置使用,而不是年份。這類文章在參考文獻中是允許出現(xiàn)的。
示例:
Pachur, T., & Scheibehenne, B. (in press). Unpacking buyer–seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
9. Journal article, published in another language
如果引用的期刊文章使用的語言與論文正文語言不同,APA 要求在 reference list 中提供文章標題的英文翻譯,并用方括號括起。
示例:
Chaves-Morillo, V., Gómez Calero, C., Fernández-Mu?oz, J. J., Toledano-Mu?oz, A., Fernández-Huete, J., Martínez-Monge, N., Palacios-Ce?a, D., & Pe?acoba-Puente, C. (2018). La anosmia neurosensorial: Relación entre subtipo, tiempo de reconocimiento y edad [Sensorineural anosmia: Relationship between subtype, recognition time, and age]. Clínica y Salud, 28(3), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clysa.2017.04.002
10. Journal article, republished in translation
當文章是翻譯后再發(fā)表的版本時,需要在 reference 中同時體現(xiàn)原始出版信息。
示例:
Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human Development, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271225 (Original work published 1970)
11. Journal article, reprinted from another source
如果文章是從其他來源重新印刷的版本,APA 要求:先給出你實際使用的版本信息,再在括號中注明原始出版來源。
示例:
Shore, M. F. (2014). Marking time in the land of plenty: Reflections on mental health in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(6), 611–618. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100165 (Reprinted from “Marking time in the land of plenty: Reflections on mental health in the United States,” 1981, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51[3], 391–402, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1981.tb01388.x)
12. Special section or special issue in a journal
當引用的是期刊中的專題版塊或專刊時,編輯出現(xiàn)在作者位置,標題位置標明 [Special section] 或 [Special issue]。
示例:
Lilienfeld, S. O. (Ed.). (2018). Heterodox issues in psychology [Special section]. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 6(1), 51–104.
McDaniel, S. H., Salas, E., & Kazak, A. E. (Eds.). (2018). The science of teamwork [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 73(4).
13. Article from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane 數(shù)據(jù)庫中的文章雖然來源特殊,但在 reference list 中,按期刊文章格式處理。
示例:
Mehrholz, J., Pohl, M., Platz, T., Kugler, J., & Elsner, B. (2018). Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006876.pub5
14. Article from the UpToDate database
UpToDate 的內容會隨時間更新,因此 APA 要求:
- 使用最后更新年份
- 必須包含 retrieval date
示例:
Morey, M. C. (2019). Physical activity and exercise in older adults. UpToDate. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physical-activity-and-exercise-in-older-adults
15. Magazine article
雜志文章通常需要完整日期,但并不一定有 DOI。
示例:
Bergeson, S. (2019, January 4). Really cool neutral plasmas. Science, 363(6422), 33–34. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7988
Bustillos, M. (2013, March 19). On video games and storytelling: An interview with Tom Bissell. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with-tom-bissell
Weir, K. (2017, January). Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. Monitor on Psychology, 48(1), 30.
16. Newspaper article
報紙文章的引用方式與雜志類似,但在部分情況下可能包含版面編號。
示例:
Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life-psychologistshave-some-predictions
Hess, A. (2019, January 3). Cats who take direction. The New York Times, C1.
17. Blog post
博客文章在 APA 中同樣被視為期刊文獻,只要它是持續(xù)發(fā)布的平臺。
示例:
Klymkowsky, M. (2018, September 15). Can we talk scientifically about free will? Sci-Ed. https://blogs.plos.org/scied/2018/09/15/canwe-talk-scientifically-about-free-will/
18. Comment on an online periodical article or post
當引用的是在線文章下的評論時,評論者作為作者,標題可以是評論標題或前 20 個詞,并注明評論對象。
示例:
KS in NJ. (2019, January 15). From this article, it sounds like men are figuring something out that women have known forever. I know of many [Comment on the article “How workout buddies can help stave off loneliness”]. The Washington Post. https://wapo.st/2HDToGJ
19. Editorial
Editorial 的寫法與其所在出版物一致,但需在標題后標注 [Editorial](除非標題中已包含該詞)。
示例:
Cuellar, N. G. (2016). Study abroad programs [Editorial]. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(3), 209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616638722
最后
回顧這 19 種 periodical 文獻類型,你會發(fā)現(xiàn) APA 第七版并沒有刻意把事情復雜化。相反,它反復強調的,是一種基于來源本身做判斷的引用思路:有沒有 DOI,就用 DOI;沒有,就看是否存在公開可訪問的 URL;期刊信息存在就寫,不存在就省略;內容是否會更新,決定是否需要 retrieval date。
在接下來的文章中中,無論是 Books、Edited Volumes,還是 Reports 與 Gray Literature引用形式,我們都將詳細解答,歡迎大家持續(xù)關注。
